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Open cast mining, also known as open-pit or open-cut mining, is a surface mining technique that involves extracting minerals or other materials from a large open pit or excavation site. This method is typically used when the mineral deposit is close to the surface and covers a large area, making it more cost-effective and efficient to extract the resource using heavy equipment such as bulldozers, excavators, and large trucks. 

Open-cast mining is commonly used to extract materials such as coal, iron, and copper, as well as minerals such as gold and diamond.